Critical Context
What is an academic source
something that is reviewed written or identified by someone who has experience / an expert in that field as well as it is credible and reliable.They are also researched into.
to make it academic it has to have the author credentials a list of references and if the publisher who is a professional or if it was published by a university they are more than likely going to be an academic source.
Types of academic sources
books
academic journals
magazines
websites
Advantages and Disadvantages of these are
Books are normally credible and reliable because they have to reviewed and proof read before published. However books can tell two sides of a story as well as can be outdated and irrelevant due to how time have changed since published so it depends on the topic you are looking for.
Academic journals are pieces of work written by university professors as a collection of essays and they will more than likely go into more detail than a published book and they are likely to be more reliable because the are written by a professor. But they could cost a monthly payment or could be hard to find.
Website can be changed and have may not of been peer reviewed and that the website is posting fake news but they could be good because they have a lot of information and could go into great detail and they could have a large variety.
Magazines would be unto date and have a subscription service and they could have a fact and figure based which could be useful and can be easily accessible but they could be basic and brief and expensive and the content could be changed fro the viewer or be bias.
Sources that i may use depending on what is relevant
archive.org
ebsco
bfi
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6 critical perspectives
Audience
In audience there are passive audiences and active audiences.
Passive
"A passive audience is an audience that merely observes and event rather than actively responding it. There's been a few studies done on what is called the 'audience effect'. Those studies seem to show that a passive audience works well for some performers that don't require a whole lot of skill."
source
Active
"Active audience theory argues that media audiences do not just receive information passively but are actively involved, often unconsciously, in making sense of the message within their personal and social contexts."
source
This also leads into Desensitization and cultivation theory
Desensitization
"In psychology, desensitization is a treatment or process that diminishes emotional responsiveness to a negative, aversive or positive stimulus after repeated exposure to it."
source
- Class presentation
" Desensitization theory suggests that the more that we see of a certain theme, the more the audience is used to seeing that sort of content. For example the ‘Saw’ (Saw, 2004) franchise, uses the theme of gore to frighten their audience, although they know that the audience isn’t going to be scared of the same blood and guts that was powerful in the past. Evolving the series to fit to their aware audience"
Cultivation
- Class presentation
" “Cultivation theory suggests that repeated exposure to media influences beliefs about the real world over time.” (ThoughtCo, 2020)
Origin -"Auteur theory, theory of filmmaking in which the director is viewed as the major creative force in a motion picture. Arising in France in the late 1940s, the auteur theory—as it was dubbed by the American film critic Andrew Sarris—was an outgrowth of the cinematic theories of André Bazin and Alexandre Astruc."
source
something that is reviewed written or identified by someone who has experience / an expert in that field as well as it is credible and reliable.They are also researched into.
to make it academic it has to have the author credentials a list of references and if the publisher who is a professional or if it was published by a university they are more than likely going to be an academic source.
Types of academic sources
books
academic journals
magazines
websites
Advantages and Disadvantages of these are
Books are normally credible and reliable because they have to reviewed and proof read before published. However books can tell two sides of a story as well as can be outdated and irrelevant due to how time have changed since published so it depends on the topic you are looking for.
Academic journals are pieces of work written by university professors as a collection of essays and they will more than likely go into more detail than a published book and they are likely to be more reliable because the are written by a professor. But they could cost a monthly payment or could be hard to find.
Website can be changed and have may not of been peer reviewed and that the website is posting fake news but they could be good because they have a lot of information and could go into great detail and they could have a large variety.
Magazines would be unto date and have a subscription service and they could have a fact and figure based which could be useful and can be easily accessible but they could be basic and brief and expensive and the content could be changed fro the viewer or be bias.
Sources that i may use depending on what is relevant
archive.org
ebsco
bfi
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6 critical perspectives
Audience
In audience there are passive audiences and active audiences.
Passive
"A passive audience is an audience that merely observes and event rather than actively responding it. There's been a few studies done on what is called the 'audience effect'. Those studies seem to show that a passive audience works well for some performers that don't require a whole lot of skill."
source
Active
"Active audience theory argues that media audiences do not just receive information passively but are actively involved, often unconsciously, in making sense of the message within their personal and social contexts."
source
This also leads into Desensitization and cultivation theory
Desensitization
"In psychology, desensitization is a treatment or process that diminishes emotional responsiveness to a negative, aversive or positive stimulus after repeated exposure to it."
source
- Class presentation
" Desensitization theory suggests that the more that we see of a certain theme, the more the audience is used to seeing that sort of content. For example the ‘Saw’ (Saw, 2004) franchise, uses the theme of gore to frighten their audience, although they know that the audience isn’t going to be scared of the same blood and guts that was powerful in the past. Evolving the series to fit to their aware audience"
Cultivation
- Class presentation
" “Cultivation theory suggests that repeated exposure to media influences beliefs about the real world over time.” (ThoughtCo, 2020)
The theory of desensitization was first
suggested by George Gerbner and Larry Gross “to contribute
independently to the
way people perceive social reality and will have an effect on the audience’s
attitudes and values.” (Revisionworld.com, 2020). This refers to how people can
be influenced by
media into thinking certain behaviours are acceptable and
actively participating in acts seen
through a tv or film."
" Cultivation theory suggests that exposure to media, over time, subtly "cultivates" viewers' perceptions of reality. Gerbner and Gross assert: "Television is a medium of the socialization of most people into standardized roles and behaviors. Its function is in a word, enculturation"."
Auteur theorys
"Auteur theory, theory of film making in which the director is viewed as the major
creative force in a motion picture. "
Origin -"Auteur theory, theory of filmmaking in which the director is viewed as the major creative force in a motion picture. Arising in France in the late 1940s, the auteur theory—as it was dubbed by the American film critic Andrew Sarris—was an outgrowth of the cinematic theories of André Bazin and Alexandre Astruc."
source
“An auteur is a filmmaker whose individual style and complete control over all elements of production give a film its personal and unique stamp.” Creating meaning that only he can, using the tools of filmmaking, through the lens of his mind and personality. A bad movie from an auteur was at least the work of an artist."
Auter theory is all about the directorial choices styles and opinions on the piece of media that they are making such as Clint Eastwood has his own style of directing compared to Taika Waititi. The way they make a film or do the editing or there use of cinematography such as lighting or color says a lot about who they are and what they are as a director such as both these directors use a different style of color such as clint eastwood uses darker more serious tones and time period specific color such as blacks tans and browns due to his pieces being war related or of a dark and serious tone like Grand Tarino or Flags of our Fathers where as Taika Waititi uses very bright and bold colors for excitement and the catching factor his films typical have an enjoyable light hatred theme such as in Thor Ragnarok and JoJo Rabbit
Gender and representation
Gender and representation
The power point presentation myself and joe did explain and giving examples about the perspective of gender and representation in this we explain and give examples for queer theory as well as the male and female gaze with a full reference list of where we sourced our list
Genre
"Genre means a type of art, literature, or music characterized by a specific form, content, and style. For example, literature has four main genres: poetry, drama, fiction, and non-fiction." where as film has thousands as well as sub genres and genres that leak across other genres to make there own such as romantic comedy's science fiction horror and many others genres which have bleached together over time to break new ground or create an aesthetic feeling.
narrative
In basic these are the three main theorists and there theories
Tzvetan Todorov
Theory
Claude Levi Strauss
Theory
"Levi Strauss, a French anthropologist in the 1900s, proposed a theory of 'binary opposites' which entails that the majority of narratives in media forms such as books and film contain opposing main characters. These binary opposites help to thicken the plot and further the narrative; and introduce contrast."
Vladimir Propp
Theory
"Vladimir Propp was a folklorist researcher interested in the relationship between characters and narrative . Propp argued that stories are character driven and that plots develop from the decisions and actions of characters and how they function in a story."
Sources
- https://prezi.com/y5gvfc_pngwb/todorovs-narrative-theory/
- https://www.mytutor.co.uk/answers/8161/A-Level/Media-Studies/What-is-Levi-Strauss-Theory-of-Binary-Opposites/
- https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zgydhv4/revision/1
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"Genre means a type of art, literature, or music characterized by a specific form, content, and style. For example, literature has four main genres: poetry, drama, fiction, and non-fiction." where as film has thousands as well as sub genres and genres that leak across other genres to make there own such as romantic comedy's science fiction horror and many others genres which have bleached together over time to break new ground or create an aesthetic feeling.
The origin of genre
narrative
In basic these are the three main theorists and there theories
Tzvetan Todorov
Theory
Theory
"Levi Strauss, a French anthropologist in the 1900s, proposed a theory of 'binary opposites' which entails that the majority of narratives in media forms such as books and film contain opposing main characters. These binary opposites help to thicken the plot and further the narrative; and introduce contrast."
Vladimir Propp
Theory
"Vladimir Propp was a folklorist researcher interested in the relationship between characters and narrative . Propp argued that stories are character driven and that plots develop from the decisions and actions of characters and how they function in a story."
Sources
- https://prezi.com/y5gvfc_pngwb/todorovs-narrative-theory/
- https://www.mytutor.co.uk/answers/8161/A-Level/Media-Studies/What-is-Levi-Strauss-Theory-of-Binary-Opposites/
- https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zgydhv4/revision/1
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